White Noise Process Definition

The term white noise in economics is derivative of its meaning in mathematics and in acoustics. To understand the economic significance of white noise, its helpful to look at its mathematical definition first.   White Noise in Mathematics Youve very probably heard white noise, either in a physics lab or, perhaps, at a sound check. Its that constant rushing noise like a waterfall. At times you may imagine youre hearing voices or pitches, but they only last an instant and in reality, you soon realize, the sound never varies.   One math encyclopedia defines white noise as A generalized  stationary stochastic process  Ã‚  with constant  spectral density. At first glance, this seems less helpful than daunting. Breaking it down into its parts, however, can be illuminating.   What is a stationary stochastic process? Stochastic means random, so a stationary stochastic process is a process that is both random and never varying -- its always random in the same way. A stationary stochastic process with constant spectral density is, to consider an acoustic example, a random conglomeration of pitches -- every possible pitch, in fact -- which is always perfectly random, not favoring one pitch or pitch area over another.   In more mathematical terms, we say that the nature of the random distribution of pitches in white noise is that the probability of any one pitch is no greater or less than the probability of another. Thus, we can analyze white noise statistically, but we cant say with any certainty when a given pitch may occur.   White Noise in Economics in the Stock Market White noise in economics means exactly the same thing. White noise is a random collection of variables that are uncorrelated. The presence or absence of any given phenomenon has no causal relationship with any other phenomenon.    The prevalence of white noise in economics is often underestimated by investors, who often ascribe meaning to events that purport to be predictive when in reality they are uncorrelated. A brief perusal of web articles on the direction of the stock market will indicate each writers great confidence in the future direction of the market, beginning with what will happen tomorrow to long-range estimates.   In fact, many statistical studies of the stock markets have concluded that although the direction of the market may not be entirely random, its present and future directions are very weakly correlated, with, according to one famous study by future Nobel Laureate economist Eugene Fama, a correlation of less than 0.05. To use an analogy from acoustics, the distribution may not be white noise exactly, but more like a focused kind of noise called pink noise. In other instances related to market behavior, investors have what is nearly the opposite problem: they want statistically uncorrelated investments to diversify portfolios, but such uncorrelated investments are difficult, perhaps close to impossible to find as world markets become more and more interconnected. Traditionally, brokers recommend ideal portfolio percentages in domestic and foreign stocks, further diversification into stocks in large economies and small economies and different market sectors, but in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, asset classes that were supposed to have highly uncorrelated results have proven to be correlated after all.

Essay about Beowulf The King - 1001 Words

Many readers of the poem Beowulf may find it difficult to distinguish the good kings from the rest – indeed, almost every man who holds a throne in the epic is named at one point or another to be good. By examining the ideals of the time period as identified by the heroic code, it becomes clearer that a truly good king is one who generously distributes treasure and weaponry to deserving retainers to honour courage and strength displayed in battle and to encourage the defense of the kingdom (Intro). When Beowulf ascends the throne of the Geats, the heroic traits of courage and strength for which he was so highly praised as a warrior do not serve well in making him a good king. Indeed, by exhibiting the traits of a thane, that is, by†¦show more content†¦Hrothgars intentions are sociocentric: by employing the strength of â€Å"many peoples† (76) to build the â€Å"legendary hall† (412) of Heorot, he brings his people together and gives his people a legacy, ensuring a future for Denmark. Beowulfs main fault lies in his neglect to unite his people under his rule. He is described, like Hrothgar, as a â€Å"ring-giver† (2635), but since Beowulf himself is â€Å"too proud/ to line up with a large army† (2345-46) and he adopts the title of sole â€Å"protector† (2337), â€Å"trusting his own strength entirely† (2540), he doesnt allow his thanes the opportunity to show their courage and strength in battle. The price in gold of any treasure is inconsequential: it is its price in deeds performed to earn the treasure that matters. In other words, only treasures earned are worth something, and endowing gifts to the undeserving is akin to when the theif steals the â€Å"gem-studded goblet† (2217) from the dragons hoard: it â€Å"gained him nothing† (2217). Beowulf never realizes this as king. As he lies on his deathbed, beholding the treasure hoard of the dragon, he even gives thanks that he has â€Å"b een allowed to leave [his] people/ so well endowed on the day [he] die[s]† (3797-98). The reader sees, however, that his people are left with nothing. Even the treasure, â€Å"bought and paid for by Beowulfs death† (2843) is left in the ground, â€Å"useless to menShow MoreRelatedArchetypes And Ideals Of Beowulf And King892 Words   |  4 Pagesreaders to follow in his footsteps. The Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and Medieval Christian King Arthur display many archetypes and ideals to shape the story and make it exciting. The Beowulf and King Arthur storytellers use archetypes to create stories with suspense and have their heroes display values of loyalty to their respective listeners. Beowulf, king of the Geats, engages in battles in order to protect his community from physical creatures while King Arthur’s knights engage in spiritual battles againstRead MoreIs Beowulf A Successful Hero Or King711 Words   |  3 Pagespeople think of a successful king, they often associate them with the hero. However, many fail to notice that no one could own both the title king and the hero at the same time; they need to give up either one of the titles to become a truly successful hero or king. In the famous epic poem, Beowulf, despite Hrothgar rules Danes, another hero, Beowulf, shows up to solve Danes’ problem while the true Danes king sits on his throne and simply gives all honor and credit to Beowulf. To become a truly successfulRead MoreComparison of Hrothgar and Beowulf as Kings.1660 Words   |  7 Pagestheir definitions of a successful king for generations. The epic poem Beowulf introduces two kings: Beowulf, the protagonist of the story, the famed hero w ho slays monsters with his bare hands and then becomes king of the Geats, and Hrothgar, the king of the Danish court, who is grateful for Beowulf s help in overcoming Grendel and his mother. A king received respect for wealth, fame, and warriors, during the time in which the poem Beowulf takes place. However, a king should go beyond these basic needsRead MoreCompare And Contrast Beowulf And King Arthur901 Words   |  4 Pagespossess influence their own lives and those of the people around them, specifically like the heroes in the epic â€Å"Beowulf† and the novel The Once and Future King. Each trait that Arthur and Beowulf possessed impacted major events in their lives, such as defeating Grendel in â€Å"Beowulf† or removing Excalibur from the stone in The Once and Future King. In both literary pieces, Arthur and Beowulf embark on quests in order to save their people. For both heroes, the effects of their actions differed, as wellRead MoreComparison Between Beowulf A nd King Lear Essay2229 Words   |  9 PagesBoth Beowulf and King Lear give viewpoints of varying types of kingship at drastically different eras of Britain’s life. In the case of the former, the anonymous author portrays a war-oriented culture focused on ideals of bravery and heroism. In the second, Shakespeare presents a view of a much more aristocratic society, deeply rooted in ideals of nobility and politics. Throughout both texts, however, there is a focus laid out on the idea of what makes a good king – or, in the case of Edmund, noblemanRead MoreLeadership in Beowulf, Oedipus the King, and Antigone1860 Words   |  8 Pagesthree stories of Beowulf, Oedipus the King, and Antigone. Beowulf is a poem that was written in the Anglo-Saxon language that tells of Beowulf, a Geatish hero who fights the monster of Grendel, Grendels mother, and even a fire-breathing dragon. Beowulf fights with determination and follows the way of his predecessors by only fighting with his bare hands. As a young man, Beowulf is a strong warrior, but as he grows up he turns into a wise and noble leader. Throughout the story, Beowulf greatly personifiesRead MoreThe Role Of Government In Beowulf And King Arthurs Society1629 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the role of the government found in Beowulf and in King Arthurs societies had basically the same functions (to protect the people from invasion and provide safety and order within the community), each government was set up with some drastically different ideologies. The ideologies that perhaps governed the formation of each government were defined easily by the time periods in which each work was written. Both governments describe leader s (Kings) who are honorable and kind to their peopleRead MoreThe Hero Of Heroes, Beowulf, And The King s Land1180 Words   |  5 PagesGeat in King Higlac’s land. Five moons have risen since the departure of the hero of heroes, Beowulf, and the fourteen strongest Geats in the clan to kill a monster plaguing King Hrothgar’s land. This absence has left Geatland in great peril, and word has spread across the region about the increased vulnerability of the Geat clan. Because of this, warring tribes against the Geats planned to seize control of the once secured land. In preparation of the knowingly inevitable attack, King Higlac hadRead More Essay Comparing Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki976 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki      Ã‚   There are so many similarities between the hero of the poem Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki, an Iceland saga representing 1000 years of oral traditions prior to the 1300’s when it was written, that these similarities cannot be attributed solely to coincidence.    The Cambridge History of English and American Literature states that the hero of the poem, Beowulf himself, may be the same person as Bodvar Biarki, the chief of HrolfrRead More A Comparison of Fierceness in Beowulf and in The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki1787 Words   |  8 PagesFierceness in Beowulf and in The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is fierceness mentioned only in Beowulf or is it an element common also to this famous Icelandic saga? Is fierceness described the same way as in Beowulf?    The Anglo-Saxons prior to 1000AD were as a race fierce. They possessed great courage. Beowulf reflects their fierceness and courage in a variety of ways. Beowulf complains to Unferth in the Danish court: â€Å"Grendel would never have done such horrors †¦ if you were so

Reducing Cost In Transportation Industry †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Reducing Cost In Transportation Industry? Answer: Introducation In marketing, creative problem solving greatly assists in the identification of the problem from the definition stage to the implementation of solutions. Problem identification is the most imperative step in the CPS because in many of the cases, what people feel is the problem is not the problem (Draze, Crawford, Crawford, 1986). In this case, the main problem is the reduction of cost in the transportation industry such as shipping by lower consumption of fossil fuel. Problem delineation Problem delineation refers to the description of the problem at hand. In this, one needs to describe the causes of the problem, its impacts and the measures that have been taken towards attaining the solution to the problem. It assists in gaining a deeper understanding of the problem after it has been identified and thus assists individuals to know the best approach that they should consider taking so that they can solve the problem at hand (Filho, 2017). Information gathering This entails carrying out a detailed research so that one can be in a position to obtain relevant information regarding the issue. To solve a problem, one needs to obtain information how other people have been in a position to solve that problem before, the tools required, and the duration of time required to solve the problem and also the cost. Obtaining the background information greatly assists one in the implementation of the new technology that is available to them and their unique experience and knowledge to assist in the identification of a solution that is faster, better and cheaper (Treffinger, Isaksen, Dorval, 2006). Idea generation This step is usually associated with creativity and brainstorming in problem-solving. To solve the problem of reducing the transportation costs, there is a need to write all ideas that come into the mind of an individual irrespective of how ludicrous or stupid the idea is towards solving the problem. If working alone, one should raise many ideas that are sufficient enough. When many people are involved in the generation of ideas, none of the individuals should be allowed to criticize others ideas to avoid discouraging all the people in the group from sharing creative ideas (Jie, 2005). Idea evaluation After generating ideas, they should be combined for evaluation. In this, one needs to go through the ideas and combine the ones that are related to form big ideas. Using the criteria devised for use, one should choose the ideas that broadly meet the criteria. After selecting these ideas, one should consider going through them and determine how well they are likely to meet the criterion while giving them ratings. If the ideas fall short of the criterion, one should think of the ways of improving them. After evaluation, all the ideas will have a score, and the ideas with the highest scores are the ones considered to have met the criteria even though they are not likely to be the best ideas according to an individual, they have higher chances of solving the problem at hand or assisting in the achievement of the desired goal. Profile of sustainable offering To make the offering sustainable, there is a need to look deep into the transportation costs and come up with ways of cutting the costs down. The teams in the transportation sector should work together so that they can come up with methods of transportation that consumes fewer fossil fuels. They need to engage in a rigorous discussion and carefully look into the whole picture before they can give suggestions on the ways that can be implemented to reduce the costs. Environmental analysis Environmental analysis to a strategic management tool and also the process that is employed in the identification of all the external as well as internal factors affecting the performance of an organization (Kleibo?hmer, 2001). In this, there is a need to assess the available opportunities or threat that the organization may be having or prone to respectively. Environmental analysis should be carried out in the process of solving the problem of reducing the transportation costs so that the evaluations can be employed in the process of decision making (Reeve, 2002). This strategy greatly aids in ensuring the strategies in the firms environment are aligned in such a way that they will assist in the reduction of the transportation costs. Market and customer analysis Market analysis refers to the identification of the competitors that are operating in a certain market. On the other hand, customer analysis refers to the identification of the target customers which is aimed at conveying the customers needs and show how the products and services meet the needs of the customers (Schnaars, 1998). Market analysis, in this case, aims at looking at the other cheaper and viable options that can be used instead of fossil fuel. Customer analysis will be employed to determine the number of vehicles that use the expensive fossil fuel and their willingness to adopt an alternative option. Executive summary The transportation sector is a very important part of any country. Transport facilitates the movement of goods and people from one location to another. However, the costs of transport are very high, and this poses an impact of the goods transported in the country in that it tends to increase the prices of the goods transported to cater for the cost incurred. Reduction of the transportation costs is thus very important in that it allows for effective movement of goods and services. Lowering the use of some products such as fossil fuel can reduce the costs of transportation in that fewer costs will be incurred in the shipping process. Current Situation In the modern society, there has been an increasing rise in the transportation costs due to factors such as an increasing demand for goods and services among others. This has contributed to the incurring of higher transportation costs. Due to the impacts and costs incurred in the transportation, there has arisen the need for reducing the costs of transportation which can be achieved through reducing the consumption of some products which demands regular transportation such as fossil fuels in shipping mode of transport. Objectives The objective of this research is to reduce the costs that are incurred in the transportation industry. These entail ensuring that low amounts of fossil fuels are used in the process of goods and services transportation. Target market The target customers, in this case, are the people who operate in the transport industry. This is because they are the only people who can assists in the reduction of the transportation costs by ensuring effective planning and eliminating the unnecessary traveling schedules. Marketing Strategies Marketing strategies assist individuals in sparking their creative energy and setting their resources regarding time and money to develop and also maintain a marketing campaign that is in line or reverberates with the audience intended (McIntyre, Ivanaj, Ivanaj, 2013). The marketing strategies that I will employ to ensure the reduction of the transportation costs include the following; Positioning In this, I will ensure that the advertisements aimed at creating awareness to the people in the transport industry are strategically placed in that they are made in times of the day when the target individuals are in the vehicles either transporting the goods or ferrying customers to their desired locations (Paley, 2005). Product strategy In this, I will look into the education of the people in the transport sector on the need to cut down their transportation costs and also the positive impacts that are associated with it. This will greatly act as a driving force on to why people should adopt transportation using cheaper alternatives and also reduce the unnecessary trips. Pricing strategy Pricing strategy refers to the setting of the prices for the products. In this, I will encourage the use of low-cost transport alternatives regarding fuel. In this, I will thus look towards the subsidization of the prices of the prices of these products so that they can be attractive to the people. Placement strategy This depicts the delivery of the products and services to the desired customers. In an attempt to reduce the transportation costs, I will look for a way of regulating the shipping of products Promotion strategy This entails the methods and activities that can be used in the promotion of the business and products and this case in the reduction of the costs of transportation. This can be achieved by public relations, advertising and direct marketing (Dibb, Simkin, Bradley, 1996). Marketing implementation To ensure effective implementation, I will make sure that I set the right expectations, build the team and ensure there are adequate resources, communicate the plan to all the individuals involved, build out tasks and timeline, set up a dashboard for tracking success, monitor and check in regularly, be willing to adapt to the change and lastly ensure that the results are communicated, and success achieved celebrated (Esakki, 2017). Budget Adequate resources should be put up to assist in overseeing the marketing and the implementation of the plan effectively. The resources will be channeled to the training forums, marketing efforts and also in the implementation stage to ensure effectiveness. Evaluation control Evaluation as a marketing step usually focuses on the analyzing both the quantitative and qualitative metrics that are associated with the implementation and the strategy. These two are considered to be the final phases of strategic management. Evaluation will be carried out to check on the effectiveness of the strategies in the achievement of the organizational objectives. On the other hand, control will assist in ensuring that a corrective action is taken when the need arises (McLoughlin, Aaker, 2010). References Dibb, S., Simkin, L. Bradley, J. (1996). The marketing planning workbook : effective marketing for marketing managers. London: International Thomson Business Press. Draze, D., Crawford, D. Crawford, P. (1986). Primarily problem solving. San Luis Obispo, CA: Dandy Lion Publications. Esakki, T. (2017). Green marketing and environmental responsibility in modern corporations. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Filho, W. (2017). Sustainable development research at universities in the United Kingdom : approaches, methods and projects. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. Jie. (2005). Market research handbook ; management, approach and practice. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, Inc. Kleibo?hmer, W. (2001). Environmental analysis. New York: Elsevier. McIntyre, J., Ivanaj, S. Ivanaj, V. (2013). Strategies for sustainable technologies and innovations. Cheltenham Northampton, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar. McLoughlin, D. Aaker, D. (2010). Strategic market management : global perspectives. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Paley, N. (2005). The manager's guide to competitive marketing strategies. London: Thorogood. Reeve, R. (2002). Introduction to environmental analysis. New York: Wiley. Schnaars, S. (1998). Marketing strategy : customers and competition. New York: Free Press. Treffinger, D., Isaksen, S. Dorval, K. (2006). Creative problem solving : an introduction. Waco, Tex: Prufrock Press.

Wal-Mart Case free essay sample

What are some of Wal-Mart’s FSAs? To what extent are these FSAs location-bound or internationally transferable? Some of the FSAs of Wal-Mart are its ‘every day low price’ (EDLP) philosophy and its so-called ‘exceptional service’. The EDLP and the service seem to be internationally transferable FSAs, because they can be copied to other countries. The EDLP is based on efficient distribution systems, very innovative technology, low prices negotiated with suppliers and efficient processes with suppliers. Those strategies are developed in the USA and can be transferred across borders. Just like the ‘exceptional service’, which includes smiling at customers, assisting them and exceeding their expectations, which are a set of rules for the employees, does not seem to give any problems when they are transferred across borders. But although those FSAs can be transferred to other countries, they are not working in Germany, due to cultural differences. So therefore the FSAs are location-bound, because they are efficient in the culture of the USA but not in the culture of Germany. We will write a custom essay sample on Wal-Mart Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The FSAs are location-bound when they cannot be implemented in the local culture of the host country. 2. What distance components (relative to the US) do American retailers face in Germany? Give examples. How did these distance components affect the exploitation of Wal-Mart’s FSAs transferred to Germany? American retailers in Germany cannot only rely on their suppliers in the US, some products need to be sourced locally. For instance, vegetables and local products need to be bought from local suppliers, because vegetables need to be fresh, they do not improve in quality when they are transported from the USA, and local products are not produced in the USA, like Bratwurst, so they have to be bought locally. Also Wal-Mart had to source locally or regionally for some of its products offering, but because of this and the small size of Wal-Mart Germany and its inability to expand rapidly made it impossible to reduce costs so as to provide everyday low prices. Due to the small size of its German operations, Wal-Mart could not gain power over suppliers when purchasing German or other European products. So, a number of suppliers did not comply with the requests of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart wanted to be successful with its ‘every day low price’ philosophy in Germany, but it did not work out the way they wanted it to. The loss-leader strategy of Wal-Mart, a pricing strategy in which one item is sold below cost in order to stimulate other, profitable sales, was judged illegal. Therefore Wal-Mart faced great difficulties by transferring their low-cost FSA to Germany. 3. Did Wal-Mart overestimate the transferability of its FSAs? Yes, we think that Wal-Mart overestimated the transferability of its FSAs. The case study makes clear that Wal-Mart assumed that its culture (i. e. its EDLP and its ‘exceptional service’) could be transferred to Germany without problems, but this was not the case. The low prices of Wal-Mart could not be transferred to Germany, because of several different reasons. Germany’s fair trading and antitrust laws made it impossible for Wal-Mart to use its loss-leader strategy and they made Wal-Mart raise its prices. More of Germany’s regulations caused problems for Wal-Mart’s expansion in Germany and high prices were the consequence of this. Wal-Mart’s ‘exceptional service’ also did not work in Germany. The case study explains that Wal-Mart’s services like smiling at each customer and grocery bagging were not appreciated by the Germans, so this FSA was not transferable as well. Wal-Mart could have known that these problems would appear by doing research in advance, but it did not do that and this shows that it overestimated its FSAs. 4. Can you provide an update on Wal-Mart’s international expansion, using materials available on the Web? Wal-Mart currently operates in 15 countries: Argentina, China, Honduras, Nicaragua, Brazil, Costa Rica, India, the UK, Canada, El Salvador, Mexico, Japan, Chile, Guatemala and of course the US 1. After Wal-Mart’s failure in Germany and South Korea, it started focusing on Asia and Latin America. However it can expect to experience similar challenges in its new countries like it experienced in China, India and of course in Germany and South Korea. The regulations of these countries formed a problem for Wal-Mart, but Wal-Mart states that it has learnt a lesson from its failures in Germany and South Korea 2. It has developed a new way of thinking. It does not simply copy its US stores and plant it in another country anymore, but it focuses on the local circumstances 3. Wal-Mart’s new strategy apparently works, because it was the world’s largest retailer in 2010 4.

Free Essays on Leadership Secrets Of Attlia The Hun

â€Å"Leadership Secrets of Attila the hun† The book â€Å"Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun,† is about a man name Attila who centuries ago turned groups of tribal nomads into one of the greatest fighting nation of the ancient world. He achieved all this by utilizing his win-directed, take-charge leadership skills. Throughout the book Attila the Hun shares 16 secrets to his chieftains he learned within his life to better manage and lead their tribe of warriors. Even though Attila and his theories on leadership are from the prehistoric time they still hold strong relevance in modern day management and leadership. In this book report I will further explore how a few of Attila secrets may or may not apply in the today’s broadcasting workplace. Attila (406-53 AD) was a member of the ruling family of the Huns, a barbaric nation of loosely bound tribes in perpetual migration. At the young age of 12 years old he was sent to Rome and held hostage in the Roman court. There he gained much knowledge of Roman polices and military which helped mold him in to the leader he became. Being held captive there he developed a strong hatred for Rome that fueled his later ambitions to conquer the world and ultimately overthrow Rome. A short time after returning to his tribe he became king of the Huns and began creating a nation with a common goal, to conquer the world. By 451 AD Attila’s Hunnish army of barbarians consisted of 700,000 warriors ready to take on Rome. Unfortunately when the time came, Attila had to retreat because the barbarians, who where unskilled in infantry tactics, were not going to be able to defeat Rome. Attila soon turned all his energy and great leadership skills to make the necessary changes in his military to ensure that next they will conquer Rome. The Huns returned to Rome â€Å"not as blundering savages but as well-equipped and –disciplined army skillful in the execution of military movement,†(Roberts 9). ... Free Essays on Leadership Secrets Of Attlia The Hun Free Essays on Leadership Secrets Of Attlia The Hun â€Å"Leadership Secrets of Attila the hun† The book â€Å"Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun,† is about a man name Attila who centuries ago turned groups of tribal nomads into one of the greatest fighting nation of the ancient world. He achieved all this by utilizing his win-directed, take-charge leadership skills. Throughout the book Attila the Hun shares 16 secrets to his chieftains he learned within his life to better manage and lead their tribe of warriors. Even though Attila and his theories on leadership are from the prehistoric time they still hold strong relevance in modern day management and leadership. In this book report I will further explore how a few of Attila secrets may or may not apply in the today’s broadcasting workplace. Attila (406-53 AD) was a member of the ruling family of the Huns, a barbaric nation of loosely bound tribes in perpetual migration. At the young age of 12 years old he was sent to Rome and held hostage in the Roman court. There he gained much knowledge of Roman polices and military which helped mold him in to the leader he became. Being held captive there he developed a strong hatred for Rome that fueled his later ambitions to conquer the world and ultimately overthrow Rome. A short time after returning to his tribe he became king of the Huns and began creating a nation with a common goal, to conquer the world. By 451 AD Attila’s Hunnish army of barbarians consisted of 700,000 warriors ready to take on Rome. Unfortunately when the time came, Attila had to retreat because the barbarians, who where unskilled in infantry tactics, were not going to be able to defeat Rome. Attila soon turned all his energy and great leadership skills to make the necessary changes in his military to ensure that next they will conquer Rome. The Huns returned to Rome â€Å"not as blundering savages but as well-equipped and –disciplined army skillful in the execution of military movement,†(Roberts 9). ...

English Essay Writing Outline

English Essay Writing Outline English Essay Writing Outline English Essay Writing Outline Prior to writing English essay, you need to develop strategies for thinking and questioning. Setting up comparisons, questioning propositions, checking an argument for validity are all relevant for essay writing. Here are some useful strategies for your English essay writing outline. Ultimately, you will need to devise the one you can comfortably use while writing college English essay. Strategy one: Introduction (raise an issue). Say why X, Y and Z are important. Say what your English essay discusses and what the order is in which it is structured. Set the context, generate a background, and touch on issues. Review the background literature if it is necessary for English essay writing. Make specific comparisons. Give examples. Construct an argument based on evidence (main body of an essay). Draw some conclusions if you can. Summarize if necessary and point out any important implications. Add references, bibliography, and an appendix. Strategy two: Decide on approximately ten areas you want to write about. Write an outline and introduction. Write logically from paragraph to paragraph. Search for a more appropriate structure. Try out at least 3 structures. Choose one of these and redraft an English essay. Look at the overall shape. Is there an argument? Use a checklist devised by you to see if you have considered everything you needed to consider. Add references, bibliography, and an appendix. Good Essay Topics There are many ways to write about the same essay topic. Writing an essay sometimes you are clarifying a point, sometimes analyzing the implications of the point you have just made. Below are the four common strategies for English essay writing.   You are welcome to choose any strategy: 1 Describing 2 Interpreting 3 Generalizing 4 Hypothesizing The commonest form of English essay writing and the one that is the easiest to apply is describing. Description may be essential if you have to analyze the rigorous analysis and provide insightful comment. It is rarely possible to sustain lengthy description without moving to other forms of writing, especially if it is passive, factual description of events and situations. If you are not sure whether your academic English essay writing is descriptive without being analytical, try to find propositions within the essay. If none exists, then you probably have a mere description rather than expression of a point of view. Description acts as a symbol from which the reader can easily understand the message of the English essay.   Placing an order at .com, you receive custom written English essay and free outline.   In addition, you are welcome to request free services such as editing, revision, and cover page.   We are open for mutually beneficial cooperation based on tr ust and respect.

International human rights law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International human rights law - Essay Example This paper studies the principles and concepts of human rights laws, reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the law, analyses the reasons that justify the implementation of these laws and finally validates the argument that human rights law must be made an international law. Further, the paper discusses the major functions of the international court, studying its efficiency through a case study. Human rights are viewed differently by different communities around the world and there might be differences in the rights that are believed to inherently be available to ever human being irrespective of any bias. The nature of human rights however continues to be agreeable in most communities. It is in view of the general good of the people that human rights laws are written and on implementation are sure to bring to all humans a set of inherent rights that will enable them to have better hold on what they deserve. The various aspects of the human rights law are discussed here. There are thirty articles that form the human rights law and are specific in addressing the various rights that a person may be entitled to, providing them with basic rights to their existence. Articles one and two is about the independency of the human rights law from aspects such as jurisdiction, religion, language, sex or any other discrimination. Article three specifically talks of the right to liberty, life and security, the three basic rights that every human ought to have. The fourth article addresses the right against slavery and the fifth specifies the law against torture and inhuman forms of punishment and treatment. Articles six, seven and eight are about the constitutional rights of individuals. It talks of the right that all individuals have in the court of justice and that they are entitled to recognition in the court of law equally, without any

Explain the supervisors responsibilities for providing counsel to his Essay

Explain the supervisors responsibilities for providing counsel to his or her workers - Essay Example With the many cartels, the exposure to drugs is quite high and the program assists the employees that have fallen victim. A middle-sized law firm in Australia has introduced an employee assistance program that seeks to help workers with occupational stress. The organization has organized weekly picnics that seek to relief employees of work related stress. A small marketing company has introduced a health care employee assistance program where it caters for all the health expenses that an employee may have. Going through these employee assistance programs one gets to recognize that the larger the size of the company, the more complex the program involved is (Mannion, 2014). The program integrated in the small marketing company is not similar or as sophisticated as the one used in the multinational telecommunication organization. As the supervisor of this law firm, I recommend that you join the program where you get to enjoy picnics with other members of the organization and even with family members. I advise this because I find it necessary to relief stress at times. Handling clients is a very tasking responsibility and to earn the trust of a client it is vital to be sharp. Picnics will assist you feel rejuvenated and you will have better lawyer-client

Personal Definition of Honesty Essay Example for Free

Personal Definition of Honesty Essay Whats the definition of honesty? The one in Websters Dictionary says that it is: The quality or fact of being honest; uprightness and fairness; truthfulness, sincerity, or frankness; freedom from deceit or fraud (Honesty). However, each person may define honesty differently. Everybody has his/hers own definition that varies upon his/her beliefs. Some think of it as a main rule of their life, but still tell a little white lie once in a while. Others can not even identify themselves with honesty. The truth is that being honest is extremely hard and not lying at all is impossible. Everybody lies, even politically significant people responsible for the nations well being, who are viewed by the society as icons of trust. People lie on a daily basis, in fact sometimes not realizing that they do it so often; it is second nature. Some of the lies may be innocent. For instance, some may lie not to hurt somebodys feelings. A lack of honesty would not be such a big problem, though, if that were the point where it ends. Some people consider that telling a little white lie doesnt hurt anything, but still get annoyed and irritated when somebody lies to them. If they expect others to be honest with them why cant they pay back in the same way? Usually humans lie for personal gain and self-interest. For instance, some may lie because they are ashamed of the things they have done and do not want or are afraid to face the consequences. A good example here is Bill Clinton, who in 2004 lied about his affair with Monica Lewinsky to both the nation and the grand jury. People hide, ignore and omit the facts. They care less what effect it may have on others. In this case they arent just dishonest and selfish but also show a lack of integrity. On the other hand, people may lie because they want to be a part of group. As Stephen L. Carter writes in his article The Insufficiency of Honesty, integrity may be often a fake honesty (106). For example, humans lie to impress somebody or put up facades to look better in others` eyes. They agree with other peoples statements, even if those vary from their own beliefs, simply because they want to be accepted. Furthermore, throughout history people could experience dishonesty from many, if not all U.S. presidents. For instance, Richard Nixon lied because he was trying to save his presidency, which was imperiled by his misdeeds. Franklin Delano Roosevelt misled the country over things like Lend-Lease in order to advance a policy he thought would save the world, but which he knew would be difficult to sell politically ( Cannon 57). During World War II in 1944, President Roosevelt lied to the public about his health condition, simply to hide his weakness from opponents. All of that proves that even people, to whom public trust is given, in the hope of better future of the country, arent any different from regular people. As Carl M. Cannon writes in his article Untruth and Consequences Presidents lie because they are human (58). Moreover, in a contemporary political world, it is difficult to distinguish the truth from a lie. For example, taking under consideration the war in Iraq, people are constantly confused with the news delivered to them. The Republicans say that everything is under control and without a doubt U.S. is winning the war with terrorism. On the other hand, Democrats talk about the unquestionable failure of the American army and government, as well as undisputable chaos it has caused in the Middle East. Those two versions prove that one of the sides is definitely lying. In this case the lack of honesty is very high and lives of U.S. soldiers as well as prosperity of the country might be at stake. Politicians should put aside their personal-interests and do what is right, because the consequences of their dishonesty may be too high to bear. Even though the definition of honesty here differs from the one in dictionary, many people will agree with it. Everybody knows from the experience how hard it is to go at least a day without telling a lie; it is impossible. All the people are built from the same mud; they all lie. It doesnt matter who a person is or what he/she does. Some may be more sensitive about it and would rather have a clean conscience, when others will keep lying without thinking twice. But everybody has to remember that the bigger the lie coming out of their mouth, the larger the consequences they will have to face in the future. Because as my mom used to say, a lie has short legs; one cant go far or gain much by lying, and if so it will be only temporary. Works Cited Cannon, Carl M. Untruth and Consequences. The Atlantic. Jan/Feb. 2007: 56-67. Carter, Stephen L. The Insufficiency of Honesty. 50 essays: A Portable Anthology. 2nd ed. Ed. Samuel Cohen. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martins, 2007. 104-111. Honesty. Websters online Dictionary. 2007. Websters Dictionary. 29 Jan 2007. http:www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/honesty.

Essay --

Plenty of researchers have done reviews about the impact of cyber warfare to take effect in the recent decades. Voices and opinions are different, when it comes to whether cyber war will take place or not, with most of the articles claiming that cyber security is alarming towards a negative effect. Like Arquilla & Ronfeldt,(1993) wrote about the coming of cyber war, and further went on to state that â€Å"industrialization led to attritional warfare by massive armies (e.g., World War I). Mechanization led to maneuver predominated by tanks (e.g., World War II). The information revolution implies the rise of cyber war†. However, Rid,(2012) pointed out that cyber war will not take place, clearly defined what cyber war entails, and make clear the difference between cyber-attacks and warfare. 2. Definitions Before advancing the discussion on whether cyber war will take place or not, definitions of some relevant terms should be clear. The definition of cyber space, war, and cyber-attack, to some degree will be helpful to the discussion in this report. Therefore continuing further, one question should be asked: what is war? The most concise concept of war was offered by Clausewitz in 1980 (Schweizer, 2009), which has three main elements, namely: Violent, instrumental, and political. He went further to concluded that if any aggressive or defensive actions need to be introduced as a war, the criteria and justifications of going into the war has to be met. Violent character is the ï ¬ rst element of war, according to Rid (2012); War is defined as an act of violence to force the enemy to ‘do our will’. Wars are violent no matter what scale it is; where it takes place and what purpose it aims at. Back to the history of human beings, the wars cause h... ...ources from other countries in the world as Western European countries cannot supply resources abundantly by its own. Then those capital countries launched wars on countries which lagged behind, while industrializing their own economy. There is a saying in diplomacy that ‘A country does not have permanent friends, only permanent interests’. Applying it in the definition of war, it is pretty clear that wars are for interest and just for interest alone. In the confrontation of two sides, there must be something that both sides want to fight for, and the benefit of winning the war has to be beyond the loss in the war, if not, war will not take place since double lose situation do not meet the requirement of political benefits. It is quite important to make further illustration as to why cyber war will not take place and it will be discussed in the following as follows.

Reality Television Stereotypes Essay

James A. Forbes once said, â€Å"When people rely on surface appearances and false racial stereotypes, rather than in-depth knowledge of others at the heart, mind and spirit, their ability to assess and understand people accurately is compromised. † Over time, our generation has watched reality television develop into one of the most sumptuous prodigies of our time. From â€Å"Bad Girls Club† to â€Å"Basketball Wives† reality television has maneuvered itself into our everyday infrastructures. Reality television has had a catastrophic effect on reasoning, education, and society. To start with, reality television depicts its cast as â€Å"real people†, or a group of people archetypally found in the real world as they take on roles that delineate parts of the population dealing in race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, etc. As reality television characterizes misrepresentations, this becomes important for educational and societal ameliorations. Secondly, reality television was found to be main stream and refines stable images after some of its own. Many heavy viewers of television believe the world to be more ungovernable than it is in truth. This is known as the â€Å"cultivation theory† and what is does is test trends in the culture of our society. It broadens the capacity of enrichment by studying the apprehension of stereotypes in reality television. Explained better, the popularity and upheavals correlated with reality television make it an affluent source of education exploration, but in light of what reality television claims to be it makes such educational examinations rather imperative. Moreover, reality television in relation with the aforementioned cultivation theory, the stereotypes presented on reality television of associations (racial, ethnic) may harm the overall mannerly intellection of these associations. Because these shows are shows that are supposed to be a representation of the real world, they have a greater impact on society, and while they emphasize cliched effigies, they therefore give the audience a viewpoint saying that what they see is real. Taking â€Å"Jersey Shore† into examination, the Italian-Americans are seen as loud, pornographic, fractious, obnoxious and overall atrocious quadrupeds, well, to their Italian brethren. In America, one can think that they would be seen as party idols, but shortly after arriving to Italy, they were publically shamed and disowned but the society that surrounded them. Some people might say that these types of shows address the issues the famous face off of the red carpet and on the red carpet. While this may be true, many reality television stars have found the intrusion into their most private matters disheartening and it is not uncommon to see them slowly fade away from the beaming spotlight. Stereotypes are a very touchy subject and can lead into many forms of bigotry and illiberality. Although stereotypes can be used in positive ways to appeal to the certain and right audiences in commercials and advertisements, we must wonder if the conspicuous aggrandizement and affirmation of them should be acceptable in the things we let our kids and ourselves watch. We must also consider the factors that the dangerous stereotypes can affect when looking at this subject, the education factors, the societal factors and lastly, the logical/reasoning factors.

Organisational Behavior Assignment

Groups and Organizational Dynamics Assignment Prof. Nafisa Kattarwala Submitted by – Ryan Pereira PT-MBA Div. B Roll No. 39 What are the types of groups you have worked with in an organization, what are the conflicts that had arisen and how did you resolve them? A group is defined as two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives. Groups can be either formal or informal. Formal groups are those groups that are defined by the organization’s structure, with designated work assignments establishing tasks.Informal groups are alliances that are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined. Informal groups are natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact. Formal groups are further classified into command groups, task groups and functional groups whereas informal groups are classified into interest groups and friendship groups. As an employee of JPMorgan, I had the privilege of working with a wide variety of groups ranging from functional (formal) groups to interest and friendship (informal) oriented groups.The formal functional group which I was associated with had been formed in order to achieve the organizational objective. As a part of the corporate actions and income processing team, my groups’ primary function was to ensure corporate action notices were sent out to clients in a timely fashion and ensuring payment of incomes (dividends and coupons) to all entitled JPMorgan clients were completed as per the specified deadlines. We were a group of 5 individuals (4 males and 1 female). The conflict that had initially risen within this formal functional group was the work allocation to males and females.As the team was usually heavily burden with volumes throughout the major part of the week and as the female in the group had to leave early to take care of household activities, she had informed the group that she w ould not accept additional work and will be working for only a fixed number of hours. This did not go well with the rest of the male employees who had to put in extra hours in order to complete the work. The male employees felt that she was taking undue advantage of the fact that she was a female and taking on less work and responsibilities as compared to them.As the team leader was on an extended leave, it was the operations analyst’s responsibility to handle the situation and maintain order in the group. As I was the operations analyst in the group, I ensured that the interests of all the parties in the group were met by requesting the female member of the group to do an early shift (early morning 7 AM to 5 PM) so that she could handle a majority of the workload in the morning and could leave at her scheduled time so that she could also complete her household activities.In this way the interests of the female employee was met as well as that of her male colleagues who had r elatively less workload at the latter part of the day as compared to before the conflict. The second group that I was associated with was informal in nature and was an interest group. JPMorgan has a wide variety of hobby groups that an employee can join, in order to enrich the employees’ interest in certain hobbies like reading, trekking, etc.I had enrolled myself in the reading group as I am an avid reader and knew that JPMorgan has an extensive collection of books and literature and could benefit extensively from my associations with the group. The group used to give out books (novels of all genres – management, science fiction, adventure, autobiographies, crime, detective, etc. ) to employees for a period of two weeks after which the employee would be requested to return the book to the group so that the group could lend the books to others.The group used to also hold book reviews and discussions on many occasions. The conflict that arose in this group was that a fe w group members felt that only they were actively participating in the reading group and the others were just there for name sake and were like sleeping partners. The members felt that there were individuals in the group who were not even responsible for the books lent by them to employees nor did they keep accurate tabs on those who had taken the books and had not yet returned the books as per the scheduled deadlines.As a result of this irresponsibility, the group had lost/ misplaced several titles from its collection and the books could not be replaced as the group was formed as a recreational group without any funding from senior management for purchasing books. The books that were in possession with the group were donated by employees and colleagues over the years and the collection had amassed to an impressive one.The group decided that as there were indeed individuals who were contributing relatively less as compared to the other individuals in the group, the group should list down all the activities that it entails and should allocate jobs/ tasks to each individual in the group. There should be primary, secondary and tertiary roles assigned to individuals so that no task/ group activity is left unchecked if one or two employees of the group were absent on a particular day.This way each individual in the group is given the responsibility of a certain group activity or task and no individual is sitting idle in the group without any work or with making any contribution in the group. Furthermore, it was decided that the tasks/ group activities would be rotated amongst the group members so that no one individual gets bored/ uninterested with the same activity and so that all the members in the group gets a hands on approach to all the activities of the group. The rotation was done on a month to month basis and quarter basis depending on the activity.The third group that I was associated with was an informal friendship group. In JPMorgan, I had the privilege of meeting some amazing and extremely talented people. I was fortunate enough to form a lasting bond of friendship with such individuals. These individuals were from different backgrounds and had different thought processes and hence I was able to learn a lot from them. We were a total of seven friends at JPMorgan – four males and 3 females. All of us were from different departments and used to sit on different floors of the same building, but we used to meet up to have lunch together as a group.We used to co-ordinate amongst ourselves and used to meet in the office cafeteria. In a span of one year we had become really good friends and had some truly memorable times with each other. One day when the entire group was seated for lunch at the office cafeteria, a conflict of sorts broke out amongst the group when one of the guys in the group made a general statement and one of the girls in the group took the statement personally and felt that the statement was directed at her as an insult.The guy in the group did not intentionally want to insult the girl but the girl took the statement in that manner. Due to this miscommunication, there was a cold war between the girl and the guy and those that were around them. The rest of the friends in the group did not understand why the two were behaving in such a negative manner towards each other. All those who were part of the group started acting differently around each other as they too were friends with the guy and the girl in some way or the other and they could not take sides.Due to this there were a lot of petty issues which were brought up and made into big issues as the group started fighting amongst themselves. In the end, we all split up and are no longer in touch with each other. We decided to stay apart as the incident created a riff in the friendship which could not be bridged. These are some of the groups that I was associated with along with the conflicts that had been faced and how they were resolved .

The Redesigned SAT Scoring System

The Redesigned SAT Scoring System    In March of 2016, the College Board administered the first Redesigned SAT test to students across the country. This new Redesigned SAT test looks quite different from the old exam! One of the major changes is the SAT scoring system. On the old  SAT exam, you received scores for Critical Reading, Math and Writing, but no subscores, area scores or specific content scores.. The Redesigned SAT Scoring system offers those scores and much more.   Confused about any of the information you see below? Ill bet! Its tough to decipher the scores if you don’t understand the Redesigned tests format. Check out the Old SAT vs. Redesigned SAT chart for an easy explanation of each tests design.  Want to know even more about the redesign? Check out  Redesigned SAT 101  for  all  the facts.   Redesigned Score Changes When taking the exam, there are a couple of things that will impact your score. First, multiple choice questions no longer have five answer choices; instead, there are four. Second, incorrect answers are no longer penalized  ¼ point. Instead, correct answers earn 1 point and incorrect answers earn 0 points. The 18 Redesigned SAT Scores On Your Report Here are the different types of scores youll receive when you get your score report. Please keep in mind that the test scores, subscores, and cross-test scores do not add up to equal the composite or area scores. They are simply reported to provide additional analysis of your skills. And yes, there are a lot of them! 2 Area Scores You can earn a 200 – 800 in each areaEvidence-Based Reading and Writing and Math will each garner a score between 200 – 800, similar to the old SAT scoring system. 1 Composite Score You can earn a 400 – 1600The composite score will be the sum of the 2 area scores for Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (not including the Essay) and Math. 3 Test Scores You can earn a 10 – 40 in each areaThe Reading Test, The Writing and Language Test, and the Math Test will each receive a separate score between 10 – 40. 3 Essay Scores You can earn a 2 – 8 in each areaThe Essay will receive three scores in 3 areas. 2 Cross-Test Scores You can earn a 10 – 40 in each areaSince texts and graphics will be used from History/Social Studies and Science across the Reading, Writing and Language, and Math tests, youll receive separate scores demonstrating your command of these topics. 7 Subscores You can earn a 1-15 in each areaThe Reading Test will receive subscores in 2 areas which are combined with 2 of the Writing Tests subscores.The Writing Test will receive subscores in 4 areas (2 of which are combined with the Reading Tests subscores).The Math Test will receive subscores in 3 areas. Scores By Content Confused yet? I was, when I first started digging in! Perhaps this will help a bit. When you get your score report back, youll see the scores divided by test sections: 1). Reading 2). Writing and Language and 3). Math. Lets look at the scores divided that way to see if it clears a few things up. The Reading Test Scores When you look at just your Reading scores youll see these four scores: A score between 200 – 800 for this test and the Writing Test combined.A score between 10 – 40 just for this test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for how youve comprehended Words in Context. Itll be labeled as such on your score report and will be combined with Words in Context results from the Writing and Language Test, too.A subscore between 1 – 15 for how youve demonstrated a Command of Evidence. Again, this subscore is taken from both Reading and Writing and Language.   The Writing and Language Test Scores Here are the six scores youll receive on your Writing and Language Test: A score between 200 – 800 for this test and the Reading Test combined.A score between 10 – 40 just for this test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for how youve comprehended Words in Context. Itll be labeled as such on your score report and will be combined with Words in Context results from the Reading Test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for how youve demonstrated a Command of Evidence. Again, this subscore is taken from both Reading and Writing and Language.A subscore between 1 – 15 for Expression of IdeasA subscore between 1 – 15 for Standard English Conventions The Math Test Scores Below, find the five scores youll see for the Math Test A score between 200 – 800 for this testA score between 10 – 40 for this test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for Heart of Algebra which is one of the content areas on the test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for Passport to Advanced Math which is one of the content areas on the test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for Problem-Solving and Data Analysis which is one of the content areas on the test. The Optional Essay Scores Taking the essay? Since its optional, you get to choose, but if youre applying to a college or university that considers the essay in its decision-making, you may need to take it whether youd like to or not. The scores are a sum of the results of 1-4 from two separate graders. Here are the scores youll see when you get your report: A score between 2 – 8 for ReadingA score between 2 – 8 for Analysis of the textA score between 2 – 8 for Writing Concordance Between the Old SAT Scores and the Redesigned SAT Scores Since the old SAT and the Redesigned SAT are very different tests, a 600 on one Math test is not equivalent to a 600 on the other. The College Board knows that and has put together sets of concordance tables for the SAT. Likewise, theyve also put together a concordance table between the ACT and the Redesigned SAT. Check it out, here.

How to Measure the Economic Strength of a Country

How to Measure the Economic Strength of a Country Measuring the size of a countrys economy involves several different key  factors, but the easiest way to determine its strength is to observe its  Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which determines the market value of goods and services produced by a country. To do this, one must simply count up the production of every type of good or service in a country, from smartphones and automobiles to bananas and college education, then multiply that total by the price at which each product is sold. In 2014, for instance, the United States GDP totaled $17.4 trillion, which ranked it as the highest GDP in the world. Gross Domestic Product One mean of determining the size and strength of a countrys  economy is through nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The Economics Glossary defines GDP as the gross domestic product for a region, wherein the GDP is the market value of all the goods and services produced by labor and property located in the region, usually a country. It equals Gross National Product minus the net inflow of labor and property incomes from abroad. The nominal indicates that the GDP is converted into a base currency (typically the U.S. Dollar or Euros) at market exchange rates. So you calculate the value of everything produced in that country at the prices prevailing in that country, then you convert that into U.S. Dollars at market exchange rates. Currently, according to that definition, Canada has the 8th largest economy in the world and Spain is 9th. Other Ways of Calculating GDP and Economic Strength The other way of calculating GDP is taking into account differences between countries due to purchasing power parity. There are a few different agencies who calculate GDP (PPP) for each country, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. These figures calculate for disparities in the gross product that result from differing valuations of goods or services in different countries. GDP can also be determined by either supply or demand metrics wherein one can either calculate the total nominal value of goods or services purchased in a country or simply produced in a country. In the former, supply, one calculates how much is produced regardless of where the good or service is consumed. Categories included in this supply model of GDP include durable and nondurable goods,  services, inventories, and structures. In the latter, demand, the GDP is determined based on how many goods or services the citizenry of a country buys of its own goods or services. There are four primary demands that are considered when determining this type of GDP:  consumption, investment, government spending and spending on net exports.

Business Law Paper - employment discrimination Essay

Business Law Paper - employment discrimination - Essay Example Whenever there is an employment provision direct discrimination is legal. For example an employer could refute to recruit a male actor to play the part of female actor in a play where there that is an obligatory for the position. On the contrary, indirect discrimination is also illegal, where an employer makes use of a policy to their place of work that influences every employee equally even though it has a detrimental effect on the higher fraction of individuals of one group with a secured characteristic compared to another person and there is no true justification for that conduct. Disability is unique from other secured traits in that employers are under optimistic obligation to make considerable adjustments to their places of work in order to accommodate the desires of handicapped employees. For race, age, belief and sexuality there is considerably no optimistic duty to enhance equality and optimistic discrimination is universally confined by the policy that advantage must be tak en into account as the most significant trait of an individual. In the perspective of equal remuneration amidst the women and men, the principles differ in the capacity for the comparators. Any termination due to discrimination is directly unjust and sanctions an individual to claim under section 94 of the Employment Rights Act 1996. History of anti-discrimination law Anti-discrimination legislature is one of the modern developments. Discrimination based on religion was first dealt with by the Roman Catholics laws way back in 1778 through the papists Act 1778. The law addressed lawful discrimination over the Roman Catholics. HoiweverH However, after the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829 the Catholics were then fully emancipated and considered wholly. One year later discussions heated up on the subject making equal protections for Jews. There was a strong movement in the parliament which thwarted any further discussion of this move till the Religious Opinions Act 1846 even though thi s went on for some time to appoint of being integrated of the religious opinions. The Reform Act 1867 helped in the extension of the vote count to every male head of the house. Women were marginalized from their general social involvement. The first changes came into effect at the municipal level in 1830’s especially in Birmingham Municipal Council. In the mid 19th century the Chartists and the 20th century suffragettes advocated for general suffrage over the conservative judicial system and the free political creations. In Nairn v. The University Court of the University of st. Andrews (1907), Lord McLaren went to a point of declaring that it is a rule of the traditional constitutional law of the country that only men were in a position to be involved in the appointment and election of representatives to the Parliament. Direct discrimination Direct discrimination as noted earlier takes place when a company or employer treats a person less kindly on the basis of a secured char acteristic. It is illegal under section 13 of the Equality Act 2010. A secured characteristic include sex, belief, age, reassignment, civil partnership, race, marriage, religion or sexual orientation which must be the reason for disparity in treatment such the unfavourable treatment emanates from the different characteristic. In general the law safeguards everybody, but not just a group viewed to suffer some form of discrimination. Thus it is

The Different Types of New Governments Assignment

The Different Types of New Governments - Assignment Example Choosing the best possible style for a given nation is no small task. We live in a world of extreme diversity. We have ethnic, cultural, racial, philosophical, ideological, and religious diversity all around us in the modern world. In order to meet the needs of a modern diverse world is to apply a new style of government altogether; it would be more a hybridization of the most beneficial elements of existing styles to form something new, sustainable, and more ethical in a diverse world. Present government issues involving political parties that refuse to agree upon anything and a President that refuses to compromise on his policies continually stagnate and stalemate the issues of this country. Many of the American people have grown more than tired, frustrated, and aggravated by the present government; reforms, changes, and innovations are definitely in store. The best suggestion would be a combination of several different approaches; A Constitutional Commonwealth Confederacy might be feasible. In a Constitutional Government is operated with an agreed upon a document, like the Constitution, that sets down the most basic and fundamental principles of the society they are hoping to govern. It determines, both, the powers and limitation of any government entity. A Commonwealth Government is a political entity that was founded on the idea of a unifying â€Å"compact,† which represents the people’s best interests for the common good. In this new government, the fusing of the Constitution form with the Commonwealth reliance on a â€Å"compact† is rather smooth. Finally, a Confederacy or Confederation is a union between the states and provinces that allows for a central government to exist but heavily limits the powers of that government (Melina, 2011). This grants greater powers to individual areas, as opposed to being overruled by a central government. This would likely create a more fair, organized, and balanced government structure that would benefit a society of diversity in ideas, beliefs, and religions.  

ERP Implementation and Readiness Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ERP Implementation and Readiness Process - Essay Example tegic plan that provides the context and the reasons for implementing the ERP, it proceeds to the readiness assessment, vendor selection and solution implementation; and ends with the post implementation assessment (Cornelius, 2006). From the above process identified each of those stages involves a lot of issues in order to successfully implement the ERP. The readiness assessment process is the most important stage in the entire process and will predict whether a company will successfully implement the ERP or not. The virgin Atlantic Airways is one such company that has successfully implemented the ERP using the readiness process. The company’s strategic plan advised the implementation of the plan. This is because of the complexities that involved the daily transactions of the company. This forced the management to think of something that could help them achieve their target objectives as well as fulfilling the strategic plan objectives. The company has a lot of stakeholders most of who require information in real time. This led to the introduction of the ERP program to the company in order to integrate all the information and help in quick decision making. A second company that has implemented the ERP program is Kenya Airways in Africa. There strategic plan running for ten years was behind the introduction of the ARP program. To successfully serve its customers and other stakeholders the company thought it best to implement the program by initiating the readiness process before implementing the entire program. To be pride of Africa it had to do something that was not being done by others in the continent and this led to the introduction of the ERP. The readiness process should be considered in the following seven key areas: communication, leadership, Culture, project management, technical, functional and resources and Effort (Higgins, 2006). There are various people who will be involved in the entire project and therefore they all need information on how the

Review of a qualitative research article

Review of a qualitative research article This essay is a review of a research article of how Local Authority Social workers make decisions when they are considering referrals of children. The title of the study is Threshold Decisions: How Social Workers Prioritize Referrals of Child Concern by Dendy Platt (2008). I would attempt to critically appraise this Qualitative journal article based on essential elements of the research which include the Title, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Findings and Conclusion. The study examined how social workers make choices on individual cases of children concern referrals, if to carry out a an initial Assessment i.e. Sect 17 of the Children Act 1989 or if to undertake the Child Protection Procedure under the Sect. 47 of the Children Act 1989. The major finding suggests that Social workers prioritize their referrals based on five key areas, Specificity, Severity, risk, parental responsibility and corroboration. It was refreshing to know that data were collected from Social workers and that Parents were also involved. Title It is worth noting that the title adequately prepares the reader as it gives good insight into what the study is about. The title of an article is very important as it exposes the reader to an article. The key words were appropriate and sufficient as they did retrieve the article upon typing the key words in the search engine. (According to Descombe 2008 p.88), a topic needs to be a very much more narrowly defined area of its study. Abstract The major finding in this article suggests that social workers evaluate referrals based on five key factors, specificity, severity, risk, parental responsibility and corroboration. It is worth noting the abstract did prepare a reader for this study. The abstract clearly highlights that the aim of the study is to find out how social workers reach decision when to carry out an initial assessment (Sect 17 of children act 1989) or a core assessment, (Sect 47 of children Act 1989) when considering referrals about child concerns. The abstract clearly stated that the study chose a qualitative approach. According to (Punch 2000 p. 243), qualitative approach is often sensitive to context and process to lived experience and local groundedness, where the researcher tries to get closer to what is being studied. Using qualitative method allows the researcher to find out a lot about the study. He went further to explain thatqualitative research methods are the best way we have of getting the insiders perspective (Ibid) Qualitative method allows the researcher to generate new theoretical ideas. This happens because they are able to observe and speak to the people (person) being studied and allows them to come up with new ideas through out the study. Being bias is one of the limitations of qualitative research method because researchers can write their own view or even opinion on the matter. But as we can see that reaching difficult area is a great advantage to qualitative research method.) Introduction Looking at the introduction, it seems clear that the problem that led to the research was that the interpretation of the developments of the refocusing initiative has contributed to a climate where social workers work often feel pulled and pushed in different directions by political and popular opinion. The introduction touched on relevant government policies and initiatives such as refocusing initiative which was initiated by the government in 1990 and the framework for Assessment of children in need. In my view, the author attempted to appraise the refocusing initiative policy which attempts to refocus social work practice and to initiate any necessary changes. I partly agree with this notion as the study may bring about positive changes in the child protection climate. But also the author needs to acknowledge where he points on that the climate of child protection is one of uncertainty, that social work itself is a profession full of uncertainty. The researcher explained that the implication of the refocusing initiative is the rise in the threshold for acceptance of a child protection referral as it was thought that the cost to family of child protection procedures were not acceptable in the cases where allegations are minor. In my view, the identification of gap of knowledge shows that the problem has significance for social work practice and the research may positively inform practice. Interestingly, the researcher acknowledges and analyses previous work on the child protection field ( what is known) but also points out the knowledge gap as it demonstrates how application of these factors differs between cases of child concern and cases of child protection (What is desired to be known). I would argue that these reasons amount to sufficiently justification of this study. Literature Review Knowledge gap was identified but author did not explain how his work would attempt to close the gap. Author made an effort to critically review the work of others and points out inconsistencies. The purpose of the research is to examine ways social workers in England made decisions at the initial referral stage. It is my believe that since the author decided to collect information form social workers and families suggest that research is from a grounded theory approach. According to Punch (2000 p.163) Grounded theory is best defined as a research strategy whose purpose is to generate theory from data, To be grounded means basically the theory is generated from data. (ibid) My rational for asserting that a grounded theory approach was implemented is that the author made sense of the data through concepts primarily informed by social workers and the discovery of these concepts begins from the interviews with the social workers. (Somekh and Lewin 2006p.49) point out that grounded theory is best described as an integrated theoretical formulation that gives understanding about how organization experience and respond to events that occur. From this definition, it could be argued that grounded theory was the most effective way to approach this study. Researchers do bring perspective to the research, although these perspectives tend to guide the question and influence interpretation, but they dont drive the research. (ibid p.51). However one of the drawbacks from this approach is that research may be influenced by the researchers personal experiences and previous studies which thus disable the research in approaching the study with an open mind. Finding In my view, the researcher study has a strong internal validity, the researcher made a good effort to eliminate the alternative explanations in his findings. The result however cannot be applied beyond the sample. It would be clearly naà ¯ve to believe that the findings reflect how social workers in the UK decision making. Method The Researcher implemented ethical principles. The social workers involved have to be made aware of what they were getting into before deciding to collaborate. I would argue that appropriate procedures were implemented; also the participant understood what the purpose of the research. The researcher effectively anonymised participants identities, which protected participants privacy. The likely outcome the research aim to achieve include possible changes in policy, examine practice issues for social workers carrying out initial assessment, where in the past, it would have been a child abuse investigation ( Sect 47 of the children Act 1989) One of the strengths of case study is that multiple methods and data sources can be used to explore and interrogate case study thereby leading to a good description of a research from the perspective of the participant (Someth and Lewin 2006 p.33). I do admire the fact that the research implemented the case study approach as this gives the reader a very rich description of the study and also gives a reader a good understanding on the issue. Reliability of the finding was promoted by the data collection from two local authorities who have a very different procedures and practice, also All interviews were tape- recorded. According to (Silverman 2006p. 285), working with the audio and video recordings eliminates at one stroke many of the problems that researchers have with the unspecified accuracy of field notes and limited public access to them However the generalization of the research may not be possible. The weakness of case study is that it is not possible to generalize statistically from a small number of cases to a population as a whole (Someth and Lewin 2006 p.34) References Punch, K.F. (2000) Introduction to Social Research Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. London: Sage Publication. Somekh, B. and Lewin, C. (2006) Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Sage Publication: London. Silverman, D. (2006) 2nd Edition. Qualitative Research. Theory, Method and Practice. Sage Publication: London. Denscombe, M. (2008) Ground Rules for Good Research, a 10 guide for social researchers. Open University: Buckingham.

The Formalistic Approach to Hays Rapunzel Essay -- Hay Rapunzel Essay

The Formalistic Approach to Hay's Rapunzel Prayer has been always a symbol of faith, and even in modern poetry it is still used as a desperate cry to the One in Heaven. One of the great examples of this desperate cry would be Sara Henderson Hay's "Rapunzel".After reading her modern version, familiarity with Grimm's fairy tale "Rapunzel" will reveal a completely new interpretation. Sara Hay chooses Rapunzel's prayer to be in the sonnet structure. Sonnet, being a part of a lyric genre, represents the most personal and direct speaking manner. Here, the lyric poet is speaking from Rapunzel's point of view almost singing her sufferings, her feelings and her past experiences. Let's remember the first line of the sonnet: "Oh, God, let me forget the things he said". The elegy starts in the prayer form. It helps us to understand from the first line that the lyric hero is in suffering and is desperate. Through the words "let me forget", we can hear the echo of the past life, past things, that may never come back. The author (heroine) is leaving us in suspense, because she will never reveal to us "the things he said" and "the promises he made". The repeating formula "let me" reveals to us Rapunzel's feelings and is establishing the tone of the poem. The first lines help us to hear our heroine's voice tone, and to understand her suffering. Looking more at the first stanza, we can see many associations and connections between some words and the religious motif of prayer. The words "freezing and burning" are the extremes that help us to hear the echo of "Hell" (Rhetoric 102K class discussion, January 23 2001). In the same way the word promises in the Bible is syn onymous with the word covenant (or Testament). In the fifth li... ...ed by love, now has become the knowing one: " I knew...I knew...I might have known." Looking at the last line of the sonnet we understand its purpose. Here, we see the image of many symbolic Rapunzels. The heroine is looking at the past and at the future, and realizes that her life is just one small piece, compared to the Eternal concept, or a concept of All. She realizes that the earthly life is not eternal and she is just a suffering traveler like many others. Hay’s "Rapunzel" begins as a true worshiper, and finds her plight to be too disconcerting to communicate even to her Creator. So, she devolves into her own imaginings with groans so deep that only her soul can commune at this level. Prayer turns to song, song turns to fantasy, and in her heart, fantasy reveals tragic reality. Her only true hope is found in first heart cry: "Oh, God..."

Middle Class Morality in Pygmalion Essay

Pygmalion is a brilliant play written by Bernard Shaw that gives us an idea of the value in the Victorian era through the witty and rousing lines of his characters. The message Shaw tried to limn through his genius work is vividly drawn and is dearly ambiguous to anyone who is paying attention. In Pygmalion, Shaw focused his theme on the Victorian decorum of the contemporary society, which is named in many parts of Mr. Doolittle’s speech in the play as the â€Å"middle class morality†. In the Victorian times, the rich were distinguished from the poor vehemently as they lead distinct lives-they dress differently, they act differently and they even speak differently. Above all, the ethics exercised by the rich deviates from the poor, if there were any for them in the first place. Thus, nothing is expected from a pauper whereas everything is expected from a sufficient (middle class). The first and most potent item of middle class morality is the obligation of men to protect and foster women regardless it is needed or not. In the very first act of Pygmalion such burden is observed through the harsh demands of Clara (woman) to Freddy (man), compelling him to find a taxi for her. Freddy, as uneager as he was, still obliged and carried out his role in the middle class morality, only to find that his endeavors were in vain as his darling mother and sister were long gone upon his return. Another example of this is also from Act I, where nosy bystanders (men) stood out for Eliza (woman) with the silly sense of heroic conquest to save her from the vile Higgins and his notes, but soon learnt that it was merely a mistake. These deeds, however, were not chivalry, they were more like the empty prayers before dinner made in a sanctimonious fashion-a hypocritical routine. On the other hand, women also bears expectation from men and other women during Victorian times to find a wealthy man to support her because she isn’t supposed to work but to polish herself and other trophies like her  children or household. Professor Higgins believes in such a virtue, as he intended Eliza to be a â€Å"consort for a king† and is stunned at her decision of marrying Freddy. Also, Eliza’s stepmother decided to marry Doolittle again as â€Å"middle class morality claims its victim†, meaning that she was in a way coerced into the action. Mr. Doolittle, a minor character in the play, takes a rather big role interpreting middle class morality. After his unlikely fate with the Wannafeller Moral Reform World League and the fortune that comes along with it, he became a living contrast of being poor and being rich. By his own words, he stood testimony to the joy of poverty and the woe of prosperity-â€Å"I have to live for others and not for myself: that’s middle class morality†, portraying an ironic picture of the poor enjoying life more than the rich-the world of Pygmalion and the Victorian times. From his script, we can see all the not-so-subtle offenses Shaw made to taint the idea of middle class morality and it becomes a prominent factor that made the strong tale worth reading and studying.

Source of Congressional Power

In the United States’ system of government, there is a checks and balances system where power is shared by the executive branch, the judicial branch and the legislative branch. To a great degree the legislative branch (the congress) exists to provide oversight of the executive branch. In other ways, congressional power can be quite extensive as visible in a number of famous court cases where such power was challenged and the end result of the court cases resulted not in a lessoning of congressional power, but an affirmation and expansion of it.Examples of famous court cases that involve Congressional power include McCullough vs. Maryland (the constitution grants Congress the ability to carry out the constitution when the function of the national government is concerned); South Carolina vs. Katzenback (the authority of Congress to pass the Voting Rights Act was upheld); Gibbons vs. Ogden (Congress’ powers under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution were upheld); and Mc Grain vs. Doherty (inherent powers defined)Of all its powers, Congress is most notable for the ability to regulate and maintain interstate (and foreign) commerce, write tax law, declare war and fund the military, confirm nominations to the federal court and even impeach the President if he breaks the law (or opt to ignore the fact that he broke the law) While some may wrongfully argue that such powers lead to a long, bureaucratic process that could be much better served it were streamlined by a central authority, the fact that Congress prevents the emergence of a central authority is its greatest asset.That is to say, by not allowing the executive branch to develop overreaching power, the Congress eliminates the President from emerging as a dictatorial figure who is not subject to oversight. If too much power is placed in the hands of any one branch of government, then the ability of the government to overreach and become corrupt is a very real possibility. Congress keeps this syste m of checks and balances in line. The expansion of Congressional power also exists to greatly help the people. For example, South Carolina vs.Katzenback solidified the power of the Voting Rights Act and allowed people to maintain their ability to exercise their right to vote. The control of commerce as defined by McCullough vs. Maryland held businesses accountable and did not give them free reign to do whatever it is they wished at the detriment of society as a whole. Yes, there have been numerous complaints over the years that Congress has overreached its authority and regulated/interfered in business and private lives beyond what is appropriate; but such overreaching has been curtailed in the past when public outcry became loud and virulent.As such, it would be hard to press a case that Congressional Power is abusive or overreaching since Congress does, ultimately, have to be accountable to its constituency every election cycle. Because of this, the ability to exercise power remai ns in check and can not overreach beyond what the population wishes. So, in that regard, congressional power is not unlimited and is subject to the same checks and balances system that the other parts of government are subject.